Effect of Plant Growth regulators on Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical parameters of Soybean (Glycine max l. Merrill)

Author Name(s): *R.Ramesh, E.Ramprasad
Author Email: rameshpphy@gmail.com

Abstract

Plant growth and developmental processes are very much regulated by certain chemical substances called Growth regulators. Growth regulators are known to improve the physiological efficiency including photosynthetic ability and can enhance the effective partitioning of accumulates from source and sink in the field crops. The present study was conceptualized and executed with the prime objective of study the effect of chlormequat chloride, NAA, Mepiquat chloride and Brassinosteroids on morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of soybean. The field trial was conducted following randomized block design with nine treatments replicated thrice. The basic material for the present investigation consisted of soybean cv. Js-335 and two growth promoting (NAA and Brassinosteroid) and growth retarding substances (chlormequat chloride and mepiquat chloride). These growth regulators were sprayed at flower initiation stage. The Mrophophysiological parameters, namely, Plant height, number of branches, number of trifoliates per plant, dry matter accumulation in leaf, stem and reproductive parts, LAI, CGR and RGR was observed to increase significantly with the application of NAA (20 ppm) and brassinosteroid (25 ppm). However, it decreased with the application of chlormequat chloride and mepiquat chloride. The Biochemical parameters, namely, chlorophyll content was observed to increase significantly with application of NAA (20 ppm), brassinosteroid (25 ppm), mepiquat chloride 5%, AS (5%) and chlormequat chloride 50%SL at different concentrations compared to control and water spray but whereas fluorescence emission and photosynthetic rate were noticed to be non-significant. A significant increase in the seed protein content was also noticed with the application of NAA (20 ppm), brassinosteroid (25 ppm), mepiquat chloride 5%AS (5%) and chlormequat chloride at different concentrations, compared to control and water spray. In conclusion, the study revealed the superiority of NAA (20 ppm) treatment for majority of the morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters at different growth stages, compared to other growth regulator and control treatments studied in the present investigation for rabi soybean.

Keywords

Growth regulators, randomized block design, soybean cv. Js-335, Morphophysiological parameters, Biochemical parameters.

Introduction

Soybean (Glycine max. L. Merril) is a highly nutritive and energy rich dual purpose rainy season monocarpic legume crop with biologically effective proteins (43 %), edible oil (20 %), vitamins, minerals, salts and essential amino acids. Because of its versatility, soybean is popularly known as “Miracle Bean” and is being exploited in many agro-based industries with innumerable ways. India occupies an area of 8.89 m ha with a production of 10.96 mt and productivity of 1235 kg ha-1. (Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, 2012). The evaluation of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of crops namely, Plant height, number of branches, number of leaves per plant, dry matter accumulation in leaf, stem and reproductive parts, LAI, CGR and RGR, fluorescence, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, germination, flowering, pod and seed development in addition to senescence either by reducing (growth retardant) or enhancing plant growth (growth promoters) indicates crop growth patterns which are reflected in final yield and thus, influences crop productivity. Plant growth regulators have been reported to be an effective tool for increasing crop yields due to their important role in various physiological and biochemical processes in plant, leading to rapid change in phenotype of the plant within the season to achieve desirable results. The use of growth regulators has been gaining more importance in the recent years for improvement of crop yield potential and quality of produce. In this context, there is an urgent need to identify suitable growth regulators for improving yield potential by changing the various above mentioned parameters in soybean.

Conclusion

The present study on Effect of Plant Growth regulators on Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical parameters of Soybean (Glycine max l. Merrill) revealed the superiority of NAA (20 ppm) and brassinosteroid (25ppm) for majority of the morphological, physiological, biochemical, parameters for rabi soybean, compared to control, water spray and the growth retardants studied.

 

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