Design and Development of Low Cost, High Precision Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Machine

Author Name(s): Rohan Bang, Shubham Mundra, Indu Mandwi
Author Email: *rohanbang123@gmail.com

Abstract

Sleep Apnea (or Sleep Apnoea) means lack of breath during sleep; it is a condition where a person’s breathing is interrupted for several seconds, multiple times at night, the oxygen supply in the blood and subsequently to the brain declines. It is a dangerous state which causes many people and is linked with many health related problems. It is because of airway collapsing or becoming blocked during sleep. This is a common disorder affecting about 30% of the population, moreover WHO has also reported sleep apnea is one of chronic respiratory disease. Sleep apnea is characterised in two types CSA (Central Sleep Apnea) and OSA (Obstructive Sleep Apnea). CSA, happens when the brain is unsuccessful to send the proper signals to the breathing muscles to start respiration, on the other hand OSA is caused by the complete or partial blockage in upper airway. By the use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine a person who is having OSA can have a nice sleep as this machine increases air pressure in the throat so that airway does not get blocked. Existing machines in the market are costly. This paper presents a simple, low cost technique for the development of CPAP Machine.

Introduction

Sleep Apnea means lack of breath during sleep. It is because of airway collapsing or becoming blocked during sleep. Sleep apnea is characterized into two types: Central (CSA) and Obstructive (OSA). A. Central Sleep Apnea Central Sleep Apnea (CSA) eventuates when the brain is unsuccessful to send the proper signals to the reathing muscle to initiate respiration. Respiratory movements are either in the state of apnea (absent). Central sleep apnea can occur to anyone that is any age groups and any gender. B. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) eventuates when the pharyngeal wall collapse due to relaxation of pharyngeal muscles during sleep leads to complete or partial blockage in upper airway. In many people, airway (windpipe) is obstructed because of a large or floppy tongue, excess tissue in the throat, obesity, nasal obstruction, or enlarged tonsils or uvula. Diagnosis and available therapies Diagnoses are based on signs and symptoms like loud snoring that can to disturb your sleep. It is recommended to have an overnight monitoring of your breath during sleep.

Conclusion

Sleep apnea is fast growing disorder spreading among all age groups. Previously people were not aware of this disorder but now we are having CPAP machine to make their life comfortable. Presently in the market, there are various brands making this machine whose cost is from 50 thousand to 2 lakh Indian rupee but we have made a similar prototype cost efficient CPAP machine. We created a typical apnea state at 4th, 9th, 14th and 19th minute the Fig.5 graph shows our machine gives better performance and quick response

 

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