Productivity of Early Maturing Varieties of Potatoes, With the Application of Designated Doses of Fertilizers, Within the Conditions of the Forest-Steppe of the Middle Volga Region

Author Name(s): Antonina A. Mostyakova, Konstantin V. Vladimirov, Artur Y. Tyaminov, Vladimir P. Vladimirov, Aleksandr L. Mikhailov
Author Email: runga540@mail.ru

Abstract

The studies were carried out with the purpose to determine the effectiveness of applying the designated doses of fertilizers for the formation of planned yields of potato tubers of the early-ripening varieties Molly and Colette, within the conditions of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga region. The influence of mineral nutrient status,designed for obtaining the yields of potatoes 25, 35 and 45 tons/ha, in comparison with the unfertilized controlvariant, has been studied.

The analysis of the dynamics of the potato plants leaf area, the parameters of leaf photosynthetic potential, the utilization coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)showed, that these indicators of photosynthetic activity were directly dependent on the level of mineral nutrition.

The application of fertilizers and raising their doses increased the value of photosynthetic potential (PP). In the control variant, without applying fertilizers, the sum of photosynthetic potential was 1.762 million for the variety Molly, 1.894 million m2/ha × days for the variety Colette. The application of fertilizers, designed for a potato yield of 25 tons per hectare,has increased this index by 1.49 and 1.51 times, and the fertilization, designed for the yield 45 t/ha has increased this index by 2.25 and 2.01 times. For every 1 thousand units, the PP was formed in the variety Molly from 10.15 kg in the control variant to 11.25 kg of potato tubers with underlying of 45 t/ha, and in the variety Colette, respectively, from 10.32 to 11.45 kg.

With regard to natural fertility, theyield of varietyMolly was 16.76 t/ha and 18.32 t/ha of thevariety Colette. Fertilizers,designed for 25-45 t/ha of potato tubers, ensured the yield of variety Molly 28.23-43.57 t/ha, the variety Colette – 29.72-29 t/ha.

Introduction

Potatoes require a lot of nutrientsfor obtaining a high yields with good quality of tubers. Nutrients should be available to plants in the required amount and form. Such requirements are met by fertilizers, designed taking into account the content of nutrients in the soil and the coefficients of use of applied fertilizers. [Gifford, 1987; DiterShpaar, 2016; Korshunov, 1982; Sturm, Buchner, Zerulla, 1994].

Organic fertilizers, which along with increased yields improve the taste of the tubers, are of particular value in the cultivation of potatoes [Pisarev, 1990]. They enrich the soil with macro – and microelements. When decomposed, carbon dioxide is released, which is used by the leaves of potato plant as an additional source of carbon nutrition, since it is in short supply for the formation of high yields of 30-40 t/ha or more. Organic fertilizers enrich the soil with a large number of beneficial microorganisms,which transform unavailable compounds into digestible form. Organic fertilizers contribute to the accumulation of humus in the soil, improve its physical properties. Comparatively slow decomposition of organic fertilizers does not allow the full utilization of nutrients at the primary period of plant growth. It should be applied suchmineral fertilizers, in which nutrients are in the form of readily accessible to plants,in order to provide nutrients in the early period of potato plants life.

In the experiments of M.K. Koksharova and Sh.N. Karmanova [2002], within the conditions of the Middle Urals, the application of a fertilizer dose for potatoes of the variety Granat N90Р180К180, yielded a crop of tubers – 35.1 t/ha, in comparison with 15.0 t/ha in the control variant, where no fertilizers were applied.

In the Moscow region the variety Nevsky yielded 29.0 t/ha, the variety Golubiznayielded25.3 t/ha, after the application of doseN100Р150К150. [Korshunov, Semenov, 2003].

In the studies of Yu.P. Zhukov and T.I. Volodina [2001] on the dark chestnut soils of Northern Kazakhstan, the potato yield was 23.0 – 24.0 t/ha, after application of N90Р90К90.

I.I. Sinyagin [1970], carrying out experiments on leached chernozem of Eletsk experimental station of the Research Institute of Potato Farming, defined that the yield of 33 t/ha (an increase as a result of fertilizers application 15.5 t/ha) was formed when applying a dose of fertilizers N180P210K210.

In England, at the experimental station Stockbridge House, fertilizers are applied at the dose and the ratio N254Р505К381 kg/ha for the planned yield of potatoes tubers (82.5 t/ha) [Evans S., 1975].

As a result of studies, carried out in Finland and England (the Rotamsted Experimental Station), different response of varieties for different fertilizer doses was noted (Edinger, 1976; Varis, 1973; Widdowson, Penny, 1975].

Many researchers note that high doses of fertilizers worsen the state of microbiological community, which has a significant impact on the nutritive regime of plants in the soil, the yield and the improvement of soil fertility [Mishustin, 1972; Vyblov, 1979; Mikhnovskaya, 1982; Kautskaya, 1982].

V.G. Mineev, E.Kh. Rempe [1991] state, that the potential productivity of an agricultural crop should not be achieved with the help of high doses of fertilizers, but with the optimization of vital processes in the soil, that promotes the reproduction of its fertility without a negative change of microbiocenosis.

Conclusion

The analysis of the dynamics of leaf area development in potato plants, the parameters of the leaf photosynthetic potential, and the utilization coefficient of PAR showed that photosynthetic activity was directly dependent on the level of mineral nutrition.

One of the conditions for obtaining high and stable yields is the use of fertilizers doses,designed for the planned yields, taking into account the content of nutrition elements in the soil and the coefficients of their utilization from soil and fertilizers.

When planning high yields of potato tubers, organic fertilizers should be applied together with mineral fertilizers. With regard to natural fertility, the yield of variety Molly was 16.76 t/ha of potato tubers and the yield of variety Colette was 18.32 t/ha. Fertilizers, designed for 25-45 t/ha of potato tubers ensured the yield of the variety Molly 28.23-43.57 t/ha, and the variety Colette – 29.72-29 t/ha.

Acknowledgments

The work is performed according to the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University.

References

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