The survey of the economical factors effect on importing and exporting of the goods (Case study: Zahedan)

Author Name(s): Rashed Khosravi1, Nazar Dahmardeh2*
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Abstract

The present study aims at the survey of the economical factors effect on goods import and export in the city of Zahedan. The study population is comprised of Zahedani merchants and businessmen the total number of whom reaches to 150 individuals. To determine the study sample volume we have made use of Morgan’s table and 108 individuals were selected based on simple randomized sampling method. Data collection tool has been a researcher-made questionnaire. To assess the questionnaire validity, the supervising professor was asked to verify the instrument. The questionnaire reliability was also evaluated via Cronbach’s alpha method, in such a manner that 30 questionnaires were distributed among the study sample volume and then its Cronbach’s alpha was obtained, 0.865. The high value of alpha is indicative of the questionnaires’ high validity and also its reliability was assured. To analyze the data, SPSS ver.19 was used. The results of the study indicated that among the economical factors effective on the goods import and export, the goods price was ranked first and the country’s dependence on oil was the last indicator in priority that is because the exports from the province are in the form of agricultural products and the other raw products and go-between material which are less connected to petroleum products. Although some of the goods such as bitumen exported from the region are enumerated among the petroleum medium material but they generally account for a small fraction of the exports from the province in comparison with the total ratio of the exports. Regarding the imports, it can be said that a great many of the electronic commodities, textiles, electrical appliances and so on are imported and the rate of the imports can be lowered with the reduction in the domestic products prices and enhancing the quality and increasing the industrial manufacturing.

KeyWords

economical factors, social factors, import and export, Zahedan Customs Office

Introduction

Iran’s economy is greatly dependent on oil incomes. Moreover, about 50% of the state incomes and about 70% to 75% of the export incomes are obtained from oil sector. Since the oil production share has surpassed the gross domestic production in recent years, the correlation between the oil incomes real value and the growth in nonpetroleum products and non-agricultural sectors such as factory-made products, buildings and services has been strengthened. The growth in factory-made products can be in association with the oil production as the main throughput of the production (because crude oil is the most important medium input for the petrochemical industries). But the services and construction industries products as well as a substantial amount of the factory-manufactured products are mostly supplied to the domestic markets and they are increasingly dependent on the oil income and not the oil in itself (Jebelli, 2003). Therefore, it is necessary to survey the economical factors effective on the export. On the other hand, it can be stated that the income distribution differences cause the life levels to be different in the society of Sistan and Baluchestan Province which will be consequently followed with poverty.

Based on this, two of the most influential factors of a great effect on the social justice in every society are: firstly, what percent of the population acquires what percent of the income and secondly, how wide is the income gap between the lowest social class and the highest social class (Kazemi, 2005). And, this is, allegedly, a result of a missing definite income structure in the province. Goods export can bring about social welfare in Sistan and Baluschestan province since it seems that it is through creating export-based economical structure that the people’s economical welfare can be improved. According­ to this, it can be expressed that economical welfare approach generally recounts the consumption of the commodities and services as the bases of a better life and since the real income determines the extent to which the individuals are going to consume services and commodities the economical welfare index is the indicator of the real income; whereas, the human development approach knows services and commodities consumption as one of the better life elements and enumerates the fulfillment of the psychological needs and expansion of the mental capacities as the other better life elements(Karim Keshteh and Zamaniyan, 2004). Moreover, the exporting social conditions improvement for Sistan and Baluchestan Province causes an improvement in the human development. In subjective expressed, the human development concept is a holistic approach towards better life which highlights the talents and mental faculties fostering along with the services and goods consumption. Such a concept places the human being at the center of the development patterns and proposes subtle ideas regarding the economical growth features and the way it should be distributed (Dehmordeh et al, 2010). Furthermore, paving the way for economical conditions for export in Sistan and Baluchestan Province can be connected to the type of the products and services exported because engineering and technical services export as a subsector of the service delivery besides being able to directly satisfy parts of the currency needs of the country can indirectly contribute to the country’s foreign exchange earnings status improvement in line with improving the trade balance, generative and sustainable  job creation and economical growth through goods export development (Ahmadzadeh et al, 2012).

Conclusion

In regard of the main question proposed herein indicating that “How the economical factors influence the goods import and export in Zahedan?”, the results indicate that economical factors exert a larger than medium effect on the import and export of the goods in Zahedan. The results obtained in the present study correspond to the results obtained in the studies performed by Dejpasand et al (2011) titled “the survey of the factors effective on nonpetroleum export with an emphasis on the nonpetroleum factors” in which it was shown that nonoil exports fundamentally depend on the non-price related variables and such an effect is considerable and determinative in a way that the estimation results signify the positive effects exerted by productivity, the degree to which an economy is envisaged as open and the gross domestic production on the nonpetroleum exports, of course according to the fundamental problems existing in the production and export sectors of the country and considering the estimated results, the exchange rate was not found of a significant effect on the nonpetroleum exports.

Concerning the study subsidiary question indicating that “how are the economical factors effective on the goods import and export prioritized in Zahedan?”, the results demonstrate that the goods price is ranked first and the country’s economy reliance on the oil is ranked last. The results obtained herein are corresponding to the results obtained in the studies performed by Jalalabadi et al (2011) titled “the effect of the macro-economical variables on the capital-intermediate goods in the Iran’s industry” which showed that in case of the emergence of an imbalance in the studied commodities demand in every year, 71% of the imbalance in the capital-intermediate commodities demand can be moderated in the next period.

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