Evaluation of Facial Anthropometric Index among 15-20 Year Old Individuals in Sari City

Author Name(s): Alireza Ebrahimpour, Fatemeh Rahbar, Hatef Ghasemi, Mehdi Taghian*, Maryam Pashmaki
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Abstract

Introduction: Anthropometry is a branch of anatomy that could be useful as an important para clinical index for growth and development of facial and skull bones. Due to its importance in diagnosis of some diseases, plastic surgery and orthodoncy, the purpose of this study was to determine facial anthropometric indexes among young individuals of both sexes in Sari city.

This cross-sectional study was done on 341 students at mean age of 15-20 years with normal faces and Mazani ethnic in 2014-15. The measurements of facial diameters were determined by using Martin Saler Cephalometer with accuracy of 0.5 mm. According to the sex, facial index was estimated and statistical analyses by using t-test and chi-square were carried out.

KeyWords

Anthropometry, Facial index, Ethnicity

Introduction

“Anthropology” comes from the Greek word “anthropos” which means human (1) and it’s a branch of anatomy (2,3). In anthropometry various quantitative dimensions of human organs are measured (4). It can be an important paramedical index for growth and development of facial and skull bones (4,5). Cephalometry is one of the most important branches of anthropometry (2,4) in which anatomical dimensions of maxillofacial region are studied and play an important role in this science (4). Cephalogram is divided into 2 main categories: Frontal or posteroanterior cephalometry that is also called PA and lateral cephalometry (6). Despite the fact, PA and lateral cephalometry were invented at the same time (7) PA cephalometry is less common due to the problems resulted in radiography and cephalometrc analysis (8).
Different individuals due to their differences in genes, race, age, ecological factors, nutrition and sex have different physical dimensions, therefore anthropometric studies in one part of the world, cannot be applied to other regions but can be used in comparative studies. This shows the necessity of this assessment (1,3,5).Also by following Anthropometric studies morphological information of a population can be obtained which is useful in comparing various populations. Moreover it makes the studies even more essential (9-11).

Conclusion

This study was carried out to determine the facial phenotypes of students in the Sari city. Every five facial phenotypes were observed in the population. In general, dominant phenotype in females, was Leptoprosopic and in males the dominant phenotype was Mesoprosopic. Moreover Hypereuriprosopic was the least common phenotype in both sexes. By comparing obtained data with results of previous studies in different regions of Iran and the world it can be concluded that genetic factors were so significant. Furthermore like most previous studies, this study suggests that also sex is a factor in facial size parameters. Due to the age range and anthropometric basis of this study, it can be used in healthcare policies for the population of this region. Economic and Therapeutic demands for the society can be predicted in future or present time in order to prevent lack of equipment or adequate health facilities especially for orthodontic treatments. Dentists, Orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons can focus on the dominant phenotype in the geographical area of their work, and choose the predominant treatment for maxillofacial disorders. Also they can strengthen their skills in medical procedures.

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