Smart Traffic Light Signalling System using IR Sensors

Author Name(s): D. Lohitha*, Ch.SuneelKumar, C.Muni kantha
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Abstract

Traffic light controlling becomes major issue with increase in automobiles and it also must to reduce time delays while going in traffic from long time delays at traffic signals. So, on considering this problem, we will go with Smart Traffic light signalling system using IR Sensors. This article explains how to reduce time delays at Higher traffic density areas. In this system, we are working with IR sensors to know about the traffic density at traffic signals. For this purpose we will arrange IR sensors at each road in Traffic junction. These IR sensors will find out the density of the traffic density at that road. These sensors are Interfaced to Microcontroller. With the detection of traffic density from IR sensors microcontroller will control the traffic signals accordingly on basis of density of traffic.

Introduction

At the Traffic junctions we are wasting too much of time due to long delay at traffic signalling. If we maintain this article as source we can rectify time delay at traffic delay on considering traffic density at particular road in traffic junction. Traffic density at road in a junction is measured with the IR sensor. If we consider four road junction ,we have to use four IR sensor modules.

Initially we program our chosen microcontroller with normal time delay of some few seconds,  if any road has more traffic density that road traffic signal will blink green LED to allow traffic to cross the junction until the road traffic density reaches to normal level. After getting into normal mode signals with blink as normal with some few seconds delay. All the operations we are doing with the help of microcontroller so, microcontroller is heart of our project. We have choosen ATMEGA32 microconroller for performing all these tasks easily.

We are considering 3 LEDs (RED,GREEN,YELLOW) which will reflect our normal traffic signalling system. Glowing of each LED has performs with predefined time delays until if the road has high traffic density. Traffic LEDs are connected to Port B and D. IR sensors are connected to Port C. We are using push buttons to indicate the traffic density at the time of simulation to show. The logic levels of IR sensor are Logic 0 and Logic 1.If the Push button is pressed the logic level changes to 0 otherwise it will be logic 0 only. Logic 0 indicates traffic density is higher than normal, Logic 1 indicates traffic density is normal.

Conclusion

In the project, the conventional traffic signalling system is replacing with system using IR sensors. Hardware are tested and the result is observed.  Since the IR sensors costs less the project costs less. It can be implemented in various places in our day to day life in order to solve the conjestion problems in the cities where the number of vehicles are more. Presently in the general system usage the important vehicles like Ambulance, Fire Engines, Government vehicles etc those cannot be stopped for a longer duration.

So the traffic intensity should be cleared by just manipulating the normally timed signals whenever we have high density of traffic on one side then we should be given with green colour on that side. Once the density is cleared on all sides the general timing is followed which is pre defined in the program. The IR sensors are placed on the successive lengths on the roads. The IR receiver receives the signal once the Ir rays touches the obstacle.

Future scope

As the system takes care of few of the drawbacks of the existing system, there exists a scope for the work expansion. The proposed system can be extended in order to clear the traffic for the emergency vehicles like fire engines, ambulances etc for those emergency vehicles  even a second is also very valuable in that cases the traffic clearance plays a major role. By using the normal traffic system those vehicles also has to be follow the normal signal times which is not appropriate. So the traffic should be cleared at each and every point so the emerging vehicles moves on without any problems. In this project in future i can add module for sensing whose range is more than IR module. I will modify my coding for controlling the traffic signal according to density.

References

  1. Zhang Yuye & Yan Weisheng, (2009) “Research of Traffic Signal Light Intelligent Control System Based On Microcontroller”, First International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science,pp301- 303. Y.Zhao and Z.Ye, “A Low Cost GSM/GPRS Based Wireless Home Security System”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp.200-215, (2008).
  2. Manoj Kanta Mainali & Shingo Mabu (2010) “Evolutionary Approach for the Traffic Volume Estimation of Road Sections”, pp100- 105, IEEE.
  3. Shilpa S. Chavan, Dr. R. S. Deshpande & J. G. Rana (2009) “Design of Intelligent Traffic Light Controller Using Embedded System” Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, pp1086- 1091.
  4. Xu Li, Wei Shu, Minglu Li, Hong-Yu Huang, Pei-En Luo, and Min-You Wu, “Performance Evaluation of Vehicle-Based Mobile Sensor Networks for Traffic Monitoring” IEEE 2009 .
  5. Manoj KantaMainali & Shingo Mabu (2010) “Evolutionary Approach for the Traffic Volume Estimation of Road Sections”, pp100- 105, IEEE.
  6. Ahmed S. Salama, Bahaa K. Saleh, Mohamad M. Eassa “Intelligent Cross Road Traffic Management System”, (ICRTMS), 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Technology and Development (ICCTD 2010).

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