Evaluation of the Heat Balance of Driving Axle in Winter Conditions

Author Name(s): Aleksej Yu. Barykin, Rayaz Kh. Takhaviev, Almaz D. Samigullin
Author Email: samigullin86@mail.ru

Abstract

The article discusses the effective operation of the truck’s drive axle under the influence of extreme environmental factors. The influence of temperature and mobility of ambient air, storage and operation of the car is considered. A description of the loading conditions of the drive axle parts is given. The authors developed a classification of external and internal parameters that determine the load of parts. The analysis of the influence of transmission oil, as a determining factor in the friction conditions of parts. The main modes of friction of parts that occur during operation in difficult conditions, including the modes of viscous and semi-dry friction, are considered. It is proposed to take into account the loading mode of the drive axle parts with the engine and transmission during changes in fuel supply, gear shifting, and vehicle control. The paper proposes analytical relationships that describe the processes of heat transfer during the operation of the bridge and take into account the state of the environment. The method developed by the authors of the article for experimental research of the thermal state of the bridge during operation is described. Information is given on the distribution of temperature measuring points over various sections of the bridge, which provides an objective picture of temperature gradients in various conditions. The characteristics of the measuring device used during the road tests are described. The necessity of continuous monitoring of the thermal state of the bridge during operation at low temperatures of atmospheric air is substantiated. Recommendations on ensuring the optimal thermal state of the drive axle during operation in winter conditions are offered.

Introduction

Trucks are designed for operation in a wide variety of road and environmental conditions. There is a need for the delivery of goods by road to remote regions, including in the winter season. In such conditions, the requirements for the reliability of all units and systems of the car, the durability of the parts and the reliable operation of the friction units increase significantly. Winter operation of cars is a complex of factors, the content of which may vary significantly for different countries and regions [1,2]. The organization of cargo transportation in the regions of Siberia is hampered by low air temperatures [3]. It is also necessary to take into account the speed of movement of air masses, in some cases – the unsatisfactory condition of winter roads and insufficient driver qualifications. The way the car is stored is essential. When using open parking lots or closed unheated garage spaces, cars need pre-start preparation. Most often, such training is limited to preheating the engine, in some cases, the gearbox, battery and hydraulic power steering [4]. Transmission units – cardan transmission, final drive and drive axle – are left without thermal effects. A cold start to the drive axle can lead to a reduction in service life and sudden failure. Recently, scientific papers have appeared, the authors of which indicate the need for the heat treatment of individual transmission units. However, heating at the beginning of the movement is insufficient for normal operation during operation on the line.

Conclusion

The study of the loading of the drive axle when driving at low temperatures is an urgent scientific task, the solution of which will ensure the high durability and reliability of the car. The construction of a method for calculating heat transfer indices allows a rational choice of the range of application of the heating device for the drive axle and to increase the durability and reliability of the automobile transmission.

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