The Investigation of Wood Waste Ash and Linden as Sorbents of Petroleum Products

Author Name(s): Irina Ya. Sippel, Gulnaz A. Akhmetgaleeva
Author Email: irina.sippel@yandex.ru

Abstract

Materials of vegetable origin, in particular, woodworking industry residues can be used as alternative sorption materials for extraction of different pollutants out of water media: heavy-metal ions, colorants, phenol, petroleum. Methods of sorption properties improvement of wood residues represent substantial interest. In this work sorption properties of wood residues: sawdust of ash tree (Fráxinus excélsior) and small-leaved linden (Tília cordáta) were investigated – with the aim of their further usage as sorbents at extraction of petroleum derivatives out of water media. Exhausted engine oil, having a considerable part of mineral component in its content, was investigated as the petroleum derivative. For the increase of oil absorption power processing of sawdust with ultrasound of frequency 35000 Hz with in different time intervals: from 30 up to 240 minutes was carried out. Values of maximum oil absorption power ofnative and processed samples in static conditions in relation to the exhausted engine oil were defined. Maximum oil absorption power of sawdust that underwent ultrasound processing amounted to 7.76 g/g for ash tree and 11.8 g/g for linden, what corresponds to the increase by 29.3% for ash tree and by 55.5% for linden in comparison with the initial sawdust. Sorption capacity of sawdust by methylene blue and iodine characterizing meso- and microporosity of sorption materials and its dependence on duration of ultrasound impact was defined. Toxicity of initial samples of linden and ash tree sawdust was defined by the method of biotesting, hazardclass of residues was estimated.

Introduction

Cleaning of waste water and surface watercourses from petroleum and petroleum derivatives is an important and vital task due to the increase of extraction volume, transportation and processing of petroleum, usage of different petroleum derivatives: engine, transmission and industrial oils, automotive and aircraft fuels, which, getting into the environment, cause its pollution and degradation. Petroleum derivatives and petroleum are able to spread over water surface as a thin layer, covering vast surfaces with thin films, which sharply encumber ingress of oxygen out of atmosphere and decrease its content in water. Simultaneously with surface water pollution, content of ground water also changes and pollution of soil takes place. Getting into water objects petroleum hydrocarbons undergo different transformation and migration processes, including evaporation of light ends, partial solution of petroleum components, their photochemical oxidation under the influence of solar radiation, what leads to synthesis of secondary polluting substances, frequently more toxic than initial hydrocarbons. Heavy petroleum products, such as fuel oil and mineral oils, possessing low solubility and high boiling temperatures, represent special hazard. Promising trend of water media cleaning from petroleum hydrocarbons and petroleum derivatives is usage of sorption processes with application of natural and synthetic sorbents, as well as residues of agricultural and other productions [15]. Usage of sawdust forming in large quantity at timber procurement and woodworking enterprises is of profound interest. To increase sorption capacity of wood residues different methods of their chemical modification are proposed:treatment with mineral and organic acids [1, 2, 4], alkalies [6-8], organic compounds [9].

Conclusion

Application of ash tree and linden woodwork residues as sorbents of petroleum derivatives will contribute to the decrease of accumulated ecological damage, decrease of areas, designated for temporary and long-term storage of wastes, decrease of financial expenses on cleaning of waters contaminated with petroleum because of low cost of sorbents made of woodwork residues in comparison with synthetic sorbents, environmental improvement and preservation of human health at the expense of liquidation of wastes and cleaning of natural and waste waters contaminated with petroleum products.

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