Reasons for Forming Particulate Matter in Exhaust Gases of Internal Combustion Engines

Author Name(s): Larisa M. Gabsalikhova, Irina V. Makarova, Eduard M. Mukhametdinov, Polina A. Buyvol, Aleksandr S. Barinov
Author Email: muhametdinoval@mail.ru

Abstract

Measuring the amount of particles in the exhaust gas plays an important role in the automotive sector, it begins more important with the introduction of Euro standards which limit the amount of harmful substances entered the air together with the exhaust gases of an automobile engine. Exhaust gas contact is associated with adverse health effects on the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and increased morbidity and mortality. They are a heterogeneous mixture of various gaseous substances with various chemical and physical properties, consisting of products of complete and incomplete combustion of fuel, excess air, aerosols and various trace elements. The main standardized toxic components of diesel engine exhaust gases are carbon, nitrogen and hydrocarbon oxides, carbon black. The article discusses the process of formation of particulate matter in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. An analysis of the reasons of particulate matter in exhaust gases is made. By analyzing the exhaust gases and testing the degree of deviation of actual combustion results from the desired, various problems can be resolved. Throughout the right approach to the analysis of the composition of the exhaust gases, a conclusion about the efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be made.

Introduction

One of the priority directions for the formation of the sustainable development of the social and economic system of Russian Federation, contributing to the transition to “green” growth, reducing the load on the environment, increasing the efficiency of natural resource use, is the implementation of the concept of transition to a low-carbon economy. The key elements of this economy are more economical and environmentally friendly transport. Road transport is one of the main polluters of the environment, primarily atmospheric air. The exhaust gases of automotive engines contain over 300 components, including highly toxic substances. In Russia, the Euro-5 standard is in place. It limits the amount of harmful substances that enter the air together with the exhaust gases of an automotive engine. Admissible standards of carbon black are 0.005 g / km (direct injection). Studies confirm the association of morbidities associated with the cardiovascular system, and increased mortality from carbon black exposure. A black cloud indicates carbon black in the engine exhaust, while the transparency of the exhaust changes (the optical density increases). Researching the quality of the fuel combustion process in engines can help in the development of measures to improve their efficiency, which in turn will reduce the negative load on the environment.

Conclusion

As a result, it is possible to say that throughout the right approach to the analysis of exhaust gases, the overall performance of the internal combustion engine can be estimated. Based on these conclusions, it is possible to adjust the operation of the engine, which will increase its efficiency and environmental friendliness. Researching the process of formation of particulate matter in the exhaust gases will make it possible to carry out measures to modernize engines and mechanisms responsible for mixture formation in the combustion chamber, which will contribute to more efficient operation of engines. And then, a more efficient usage of fuel in the operation of internal combustion engines will reduce transport costs.

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