Prevention of Health Hazards While Working with Chromium Compounds

Author Name(s): Angela A. Michailova, Elena E. Zinurova, Timofey Yu. Gumerov, Olga A. Reshetnik
Author Email: lenazinurva@yandex.ru

Abstract

This work presents a food product for the prevention of occupational diseases when working with chromium compounds. Efficiency consists in weakening the processes of allergization and sensitization of the human body when exposed to chromium compounds, as well as reducing occupational allergic diseases such as dermatitis, asthmatic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. It was found that many types of industrial dust, aerosols and vapors have the ability to mechanically injure and cause irritation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. Therefore, by the nature of the action on the respiratory system, they are divided into the following groups: 1. Substances with a pronounced sensitizing effect (rosin, some types of wood dust, bitumen). 2. Substances-sensitizers, which also have a local irritant effect, and some of them cause the development of pneumofibrosis and bronchial asthma (chromium, nickel chloride, chloramine, electric welding aerosol, formaldehyde, dust from flour, cotton, tobacco, wool and cement). At the same time, depending on the chemical structure and physical properties of such allergens, damage to the respiratory apparatus in the form of chronic toxic or dust bronchitis, toxic pneumosclerosis or pneumoconiosis may initially be observed in the clinical picture. In the future, against the background of these diseases of the lungs, the development of bronchial asthma is possible.

Introduction

In modern metallurgical plants, the dust factor is one of the leading ones. All stages of the technological process (crushing, mixing, sintering) are accompanied by significant dust emission of iron, chromium, manganese oxides (tens and hundreds of milligrams per 1 m3 of air). Chrome belongs to ferrous and base metals, in its pure form is one of the most durable metal elements. Industrial chromium poisoning is most often observed in leather, textile, printing, paper production, as well as in electrochromic metals. Intoxication with chromium compounds is accompanied by suffocation, dysfunction of the respiratory system with widespread bronchospasm and increased secretion of the mucous membrane of the bronchioles, spasm. Occupational bronchial asthma often occurs amid complete health during work, all of a sudden. Upon termination of contact with sensitizing substances passes. At first, the attack quickly stops when taking bronchodilators. Severe suffocation can provoke a previous rhinitis, hypothermia. In the clinical picture, two main periods can be distinguished: the onset and interictal.

Conclusion

Thus, the composition of this product includes ingredients that will help reduce occupational allergic diseases, such as dermatitis, bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis, effectively adsorb and remove them from the body of chromium-containing compounds. The proposed food product does not contain immunogenic xenobiotics, can be an additional source of necessary food components and provide a lack of energy value in the nutrition of individuals when working with chromium-containing compounds.

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